A foundation program and a pathway program are synonyms for each other. They both serve the same purpose, which is to equip future undergraduate students with the expertise and experiences they will need to prosper in university. 

A foundation/pathway program is aimed at international students and only takes a year to complete. A foundation program helps students meet specific requirements in order to attend university. An example of this would be something such as, an individual wants to get accepted at a certain university, but they are missing an important course, or their literacy skills are not high enough. A foundation course would give them the opportunity to take that missing course or upgrade their literacy skills so they can pursue their degree.

A diploma trains you for the workforce and teaches practical skills needed for working in industries/trade sector. Whereas, a foundation program enables you to take additional courses so you can further pursue your degree. A diploma is equivalent to a first-year degree in university. A foundation program is only a yearlong and allows you to pursue a degree, however it is not equivalent to any years in university. Diploma is considered higher qualification than foundation.

Accelerated, Standard, and Extended pathways are diploma programs offered at different Universities for international students e. g. University of Technology Sydney (UTS). These diplomas are designed to help students who are not initially ready to pursue their diploma due to English language or academic constraints.  

 The length of the accelerated program varies but generally consists of 8 months. It is quicker than the other two programs, however it has a heavier workload. Students who complete the accelerated program successfully are guaranteed admission into a degree at Universities.  

 The length of the standard program is 12 months. It contains the same material as the accelerated program, but it is less intensive as it is more spread out. Just like the accelerated program, students who complete the standard program successfully are guaranteed admission into a degree at Universities. The content in the standard program is equivalent to content studied by first year students at University. 

 The length of the extended program is 16 months. The content in the extended program is extended to 16 months therefore it is less intensive as the other two programs. The content in the extended program is equivalent to content studied by first year students at UTS but international students will also take additional English and other academic courses to prepare them for their studies. Students who need to improve their English skills can highly benefit from this program. Students who complete the extended program successfully are guaranteed admission into a degree at UTS as well as an opportunity to pursue their second year at UTS

An HND is a higher national diploma in the United Kingdom. It offers students courses in the work-related field in colleges. A full time HND takes two years to complete while part-time takes approximately three to four years. HND is at level 5 of the National Qualifications Framework. 

 HND level 5 is equivalent to 2 years of Bachelor degree. 

HND level 6 is equivalent to 3 years Bachelor degree. 

HND level 7 is equivalent to master degree.  

 Yes you can top up a HND level 5 to a degree. For further information please visit official website  

https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/list-of-qualification-level

https://www.gov.uk/what-different-qualification-levels-mean/compare-different-qualification-levels

NQF is the National Qualifications Framework, it is a system that describes qualifications in countries like the United Kingdom. A level 5 framework holder has theoretical and technological knowledge of their field. The individual can evaluate central claims and concepts and understand different schools of thought. 

 A level 6 framework holder has a great amount of practical and technological knowledge of their field and create ways in contexts where there are many interacting factors. The individual can also understand and critically analyze theoretical perspectives. 

 A level 7 framework holder can redevelop and use practical, or technological knowledge and understanding of their field and create ways in contexts where they are many interacting factors. The individual also understands different theoretical and methodological perspectives and how they affect their area of study or work.

Your Bank statement should cover your course fess and living expense. E.g. your first year fees must be shown in your bank statement. In case your course's duration is less than year then you must carry the complete amount of the course fees..  

Student needs to give evidence that he can afford 1334 pounds / month ( 9 months ) incase he living in London. And if you are living outside London then amount will be 1023 pounds / month ( 9 months). It is pertinent to mention that if you paid the course's fee to your tier 4 sponsor then the Bank statement showing the balanced amount of the remaining fees shall be filed along with the application.  

You must provide specified document, which exhibits that the funds you are using to meet the maintenance requirements have been held for a consecutive 28-day period (finishing on the date of the closing balance) ending no more than 31 days before your application and no later than the date of the application.

You have to show proof of funds that you can afford the expenses of 1st year of study. Not only this but also you have to produce  evidence of sufficient funds to cover all the expenses. We advise you to arrange proof of funds capable of covering 2 year fee in case your course's duration is more than 1 year.

1. For Australia one should have funds to cover traveling expense including 12 month living cost. Not only this but also course fees or any other expense may be included i.e. Family members. In addition, you have to prove that you have the genuine access to the funds. In case other person is supporting you then you have to show evidence of relationship. It is considered a good practice to provide identity documents for person who is providing the funds or proof of ongoing business. 
2. If you are counting on the loan letter then evidence of its legitimacy should be attached. 
3. You have to explain ongoing money deposits - like wages. 
4. Provide evidence that you meet annual income requirement 
5. Properties etc. 
6. As per official website, from 1st Feb 2018, the 12 month living cost for a student is 20,290 AUD. It is also mentioned that 12 month course's fee should also be included and incase you already paid the amount then the prepaid costs may be deducted from the bank statement. ( this should also be in you COE)

Proof of funds include tuition fees and living cost. Approximately 50,000 Canadian $.

CEFR stands for Common European Framework of Reference for Languages, CEFR is an international standard test that evaluates language proficiency. CEFR is equal to other language tests like IELTS, TOEFL and CAEL. 

TB1 is an English test that evaluates how an individual is able to understand central claims of matters that are frequently experienced in one’s natural environment like school, work, or other activities. How an individual is able to describe events, aspirations, and dreams and able to provide reasons for those thoughts and situations. It is similar to a level 4 on the IELTS test or a score between 57 to 86 on the TOEFL test. 

 TB2 is also an English test. It is one step advanced from TB1. TB2 evaluates an individual’s ability to understand central claims of difficult text based on various topics. The individual should be able to discuss their field of specialization. The individual should possess the skill of being able to have a regular conversation with someone who is fluent in English without difficulty. The individual should also be able to write a clear document on different subjects keeping in mind the pros and cons of the given topic.